Random controlled trials on the efficacy of naltrexone and acamprosate in the treatment of alcohol dependence were reviewed, using a Relative Benefit (RB) analysis approach. A total of 42 studies were included, showing acamprosate use demonstrated a modest improvement, with a RB of 1.76 at three month follow-up. Short-term administration of naltrexone significantly reduced the relapse rate, but was not associated with modification in the abstinence rate. There was insufficient data available to ascertain the efficacy of naltrexone and acamprosate over prolonged periods of time, or the effectiveness of the medications relative to each other.