BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori infects up to half of the world's population. It remains the major cause of peptic ulcer disease and is recognised as a carcinogen for its role in gastric carcinogenesis. Successful eradication of the bacteria is associated with improved health outcomes including fewer dyspeptic symptoms, reduced peptic ulcer recurrence and rebleeding, reduced peptic ulcer risk with NSAIDs and as a cure for low-grade gastric MALT lymphoma. The risk of gastric cancer is reduced in those without premalignant mucosal abnormalities at the time of eradication. OBJECTIVE: This review outlines the current indications and options for therapy of H. pylori with particular reference to drug-induced adverse events associated with treatment. METHODS: The indications for H. pylori eradication are evidence-based and in accordance with recent consensus statements and recommendations. The eradication treatment is based on numerous clinical trials and meta-analyses. RESULTS/CONCLUSION: Eradication therapy, in general, is safe and well tolerated. Antibiotic therapy may be associated with significant drug adverse reactions, especially gastrointestinal symptoms.