Hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy have long been acknowledged to be the centerpiece of therapy for carcinoma of the endometrium. However, 30 years ago, realization of the metastatic potential of this disease, particularly to regional lymph nodes, led many clinicians to include lymphadenectomy in the surgical management of uterine cancer. Retrospective studies have since demonstrated that lymphadenectomy is associated with an acceptably low level of surgical morbidity. The incorporation of lymphadenectomy into the surgical management of uterine cancer has accompanied a dramatic reduction in the use of peri-operative radiotherapy. Though not confirmed by prospective data, retrospective series have associated complete lymphadenectomy with an improvement in survival, even in node-negative patients. Contributing to a reduction in the use of postoperative radiation in endometrial cancer have been several randomized trials demonstrating a reduction in locoregional recurrence, but at the cost of significant radiation-induced toxicity and no improvement in overall survival.