PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of the blue light-filter intraocular lenses (IOLs) in vitrectomy combined with cataract surgery, focusing on the surgeon's ability to perform specific vitreoretinal procedures and on the patients' outcome. DESIGN: Randomized clinical trial. METHODS: Sixty patients, recruited from our outpatient department, were assigned randomly to receive an ultraviolet-filter IOL (clear IOL group) or a blue light-filter IOL (yellow IOL group) combined with a vitreoretinal procedure. Main outcome measures were intraoperative conditions for the surgeon and the functional outcome. Second outcome measures were complication rates and vitreoretinal diagnoses. RESULTS: The questionnaire responses showed that the blue light-filter IOLs did not represent an impediment to vitreoretinal surgery (P > .05). No intraoperative complications were encountered in either group. Patients in both IOL groups showed comparable functional results with respect to visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, color vision, and glare effect (P > .05). The functional outcome was influenced significantly by the vitreoretinal diagnosis (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS: With the possible advantage of macular protection and no intraoperative or functional disadvantage, the routine use of the blue light-filter IOL in combined surgery can be recommended.